Saffron

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Ninety-five percent of the world’s saffron (red gold) is produced and exported in Iran. Saffron, with its incredible properties, is traditionally grown in Khorasan province, a region in northeastern Iran with ideal subtropical climatic conditions with mild winters and hot, dry summers. Saffron is a valuable spice from the Zagros Mountains. Saffron with the scientific name of Crocus Sativus belongs to the Iridaceae family of irises.Saffron is one of the spices that has been known for its color, taste and medicinal properties since ancient times. This exotic spice is also grown in southern Europe and is now grown in many countries around the world, especially in Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Iran, and in India and Kashmir.75,000 saffron blossoms are needed to produce one kilogram of saffron spice. Saffron is usually harvested by hand. Due to the difficulty of harvesting saffron, saffron is one of the most expensive plants in the world.

What Is Saffron?

Ninety-five percent of the world’s saffron (red gold) is produced and exported in Iran. Saffron, with its incredible properties, is traditionally grown in Khorasan province, a region in northeastern Iran with ideal subtropical climatic conditions with mild winters and hot, dry summers. Saffron is a valuable spice from the Zagros Mountains. Saffron with the scientific name of Crocus Sativus belongs to the Iridaceae family of irises.Saffron harvest time is in October and mid-November. Of course, harvesting may continue until late November. Certainly, the time of planting and harvesting saffron and the method of cleaning saffron have a great impact on the price and quality of the product. Saffron, which is dried and cleaned quickly after harvesting, is more suitable for export.Saffron is one of the spices that has been known for its color, taste and medicinal properties since ancient times. This exotic spice is also grown in southern Europe and is now grown in many countries around the world, especially in Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Iran, and in India and Kashmir.75,000 saffron blossoms are needed to produce one kilogram of saffron spice. Saffron is usually harvested by hand. Due to the difficulty of harvesting saffron, saffron is one of the most expensive plants in the world.

Saffron Benefits for Health

Saffron is used for asthma, cough, sore throat. It is also curative for insomnia, cancer, hardening of the arteries, vomiting, flatulence, depression, anxiety, memory loss, Alzheimer’s disease, labor pains, heartburn, a skin condition called psoriasis and dry skin. By applying a saffron mask to your skin, the softness and freshness of your skin will increase a hundredfold.
Women use saffron for menstrual cramps and premenstrual syndrome. Men use it to prevent premature ejaculation and infertility. Saffron is also used to stimulate sweating, improve libido and improve blood sugar in patients taking schizophrenia medicines.Some people apply saffron directly on their scalp as an action against hair loss. In Germany, saffron is used as a sedative and to treat stomachache and asthma. Therefore, saffron is used in the pharmaceutical industry.Dried red stigmas are the flowers of the saffron plant, which are mainly used as a flavoring, coloring and seasoning agent in cooking. In Iran, saffron is used in most of the dishes.
In the textile industry, saffron is used as a dye for fabrics. Today, natural dyes are popular all over the world due to their being environmentally friendly and not being detrimental to health and body. Natural dyes have been used in the dyeing industry for many years.Due to its special composition, saffron is also used in the health industry as well as the production of aromatic and fragrance materials. In the perfume industry, saffron is used as an essential oil in cosmetics.In ancient medicine, a mixture of saffron, cinnamon powder, spring orange powder, rose petals, egg yolk, natural musk and grain powder was used as strength potion.In addition to treating diseases such as dysentery, measles, enlarged liver and spleen, and urinary tract infections, saffron, aids in the natural digestion of food, strengthens the stomach, and has anti-flatulence properties.

1. Saffron, a Powerful Antioxidant Saffron contains a variety of plant compounds that act as antioxidants. Molecules that protect your cells against free radicals and oxidative stress. Notable antioxidants in saffron include crocin, crostin, saffron, and camperl. Crocin and crostin are carotenoid pigments and  are what cause the yellow color of saffron. Both compounds have antidepressant properties, helping brain cells cope with progressive damage, inflammation, loss of appetite and weight loss as of green tea.Slafranal is what makes the taste of saffron, distinguishable. Research shows that Safranal in saffron helps improve your mood, memory and learning ability, and can also protect your brain cells from oxidative stress. Finally, camphor, found in saffron petals, has benefits such as reducing inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-depressant properties. 2. Saffron and Insomnia TreatmentSaffron has natural sedative properties and it is said that consuming saffron syrup before going to bed helps improve the quality of sleep and treats insomnia. Therefore, it is better to pour a little saffron into the water and drink it like syrup when you suffer from insomnia.Saffron contains soothing properties that help treat insomnia, remove 3 or 4 strands of saffron and put them in a cup of warm milk. Drink this hot drink every night before going to bed. 3. Saffron Can Improve Mood and Treat Depressive Symptoms.Saffron is called “Spice of the Sun”.This appellation is not only because of its distinctive color, but also because it may help your mood. Other studies have shown that daily consumption of 30 mg of saffron is as effective as taking fluoxetine, imipramine and citalopram for conventional treatments of depression. women who suffer from postpartum depression (baby blues) will come back to normal only after six weeks of taking saffron.  4. Saffron to Fight and Prevent CancerSaffron has high antioxidants that help neutralize harmful free radicals. Free radical damage is linked to chronic diseases such as cancer. In laboratory studies, saffron and its compounds eradicated intestinal cancer cells or stopped their growth, while not harming healthy cells. It also works on the skin, bone marrow, prostate, lung, breast, cervix, and several other cancerous cells.Gastric cancerMore than 20 percent of the world population, especially in the United States, has gastrointestinal cancer. Saffron juice prevents the disease from progressing.  Colon CancerColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States. Saffron significantly inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells. While it has no effect on healthy cells.
liver Cancer Carcinoma, or HCC, is one of the most common early forms of liver cancer, and blood cell carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of death. Saffron has an important chemotherapeutic effect against the disease due to inhibition of cell proliferation and protects the liver by suppressing the inflammatory response. It can reduce the side effects of treatment and mortality. Saffron has anticoagulant activity in malignant cells and reduces cell proliferation.
Skin CancerSkin cancer is widespread today. Intravenous Injection of saffron mixed with water, prevents the development of this type of disease. Since the skin is one of the beauty factors in the face and body, another use of saffron is to use saffron masks in different ways.  Lung CancerIn addition to crocin and safranal, saffron contains crostin, which plays an important role in preventing lung cancer.Due to its dependence on concentration and time, saffron can keep cells alive in malignant tumors and can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer disease. Breast CancerUnfortunately, this disease is one of the most common cancers among women today. Current treatment conditions such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have not been successful enough. Studies have shown that saffron causes the formation of new blood vessels in cancerous breast cells and improves the effects of radiation therapy. 5. Treatment of Diabetes and High Blood Sugar Manganese in saffron can significantly lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Safranal in saffron can also improve insulin resistance and help lower blood sugar in people suffering from diabetes. It can effectively reduce anxiety in diabetic patients, and in this regard, there is a big difference between patients in the two groups of diabetes.According to the researchers, the effects of saffron on anxiety in diabetic patients are probably caused by the substance “crocin”, which is a water-soluble compound, and “safranal”, which is a fat-soluble substance. 6. Saffron Can Help Reduce Appetite and Weight Loss.According to research, saffron helps prevent anorexia. Studies on women for eight to seven weeks showed that consuming saffron instead of other beverages significantly reduced women’s weight and removed the masses around the waist and abdomen. However, scientists are not sure how saffron reduces appetite and weight loss. One theory is that it can boost your mood, which in turn reduces your craving for snacks. 7. Saffron Reduces the Risk of Heart Disease.It causes sprightliness and strengthens your heart. Saffron inhibits the rise of cholesterol, triglycerides and fats in the blood and prevents them from clogging in the arteries. Also, in patients with heart attacks, saffron reduces the blood clots in the heart and prevents damage to the heart muscle. Potassium in saffron is very useful for controlling the heart rate and protects the heart by reducing the heart rate.Studies show that the antioxidant properties of saffron lower blood cholesterol and prevent clogging of blood vessels and arteries. Cardiac patients should use saffron in their diets. Because saffron acts like a medicine for the heart and increases the symptoms of recovery in people with cardiac diseases.   Effects of Saffron on Heart: Strengthen the circulatory systemIt is antihypertensive.It lowers fat. It is anti-atherosclerotic.It has an anti-stroke effect. 8. Saffron for EyesightSaffron has one of the key elements in preventing vision loss and blindness. Saffron has many effects on the genes that regulate the function of visual cells. According to one study, saffron extract not only protects optic receptor cells in the eye from damage, but can also prevent and improve diseases such as macular degeneration and retinal pigment inflammation. Researchers have found that saffron has a beneficial effect on people with age-related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in old age.Saffron is effective in regulating the function of visual cells and protects visual cells against damage, prevents the progression of eye conditions and restores damaged eye cells. Saffron is effective in treating retinal yellow spot disorders that occur in old age. Consumption of saffron in the diet prevents the development of genetic diseases of the eye, and therefore its balanced consumption is recommended for the elderly and people with eye diseases.    9. Saffron for the Treatment of Alzheimer’sSaffron can improve memory in adults suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The safranal in saffron is good for preventing Parkinson’s disease, and studies have shown that saffron can boost memory, and the crocine and crocetin ingredients are good for treating Alzheimer’s and dementia. Research shows that curcumin, a saffron-derived substance, can be effective in reducing brain cell death. This substance prevents the accumulation of aging plaques. In addition, the role of saffron as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant has been proven. According to studies, lowering serotonin levels and its activity in the brain can be a contributing factor in Alzheimer’s disease.
10. Saffron for the tTreatment of Fatty LliverDue to its high content of antioxidants, saffron has anti-inflammatory properties that can help detoxify and cleanse your liver, especially fatty liver, and reduce the risk of fatty liver disease and enlarged liver. How much Are We Allowed to Consume Saffron?(Recommended dosage) [faridan choice]Consumption of three grams of saffron each month is suitable for everybody and using more than five grams of saffron in one meal has side effects such as dizziness, decreased heart rate and nausea.Excessive consumption of saffron lowers blood pressure and causes excessive blood thinning, which can lead to side-effects such as nosebleeds or uterine bleeding in women. Excessive consumption of saffron is not recommended for pregnant women for the reasons mentioned above and may lead to miscarriage in the first months of pregnancy. Also, excessive consumption of saffron causes vomiting, decreased heart rate, nosebleeds, eyelid and lip bleeding, and causes dizziness, lethargy, yellowing of the skin and discoloration of the skin, and other dangerous side effects such as severe irritation of smooth muscles and can even lead to death. Having too much saffron is bad for everyone. It reduces appetite and causes headaches and disturbs the senses. Excessive consumption of saffron during menstruation increases anxiety. Due to the warm nature of saffron, it may lead to diarrhea, dehydration and bloody discharge from the urine. Different Kinds of Saffron in Iran 1- Saffron Bunches- The main and most basic type of saffron- All saffron strings (including stigmas and cream) are obtained by stacking and drying together.- The cream part is usually 3 to 5 mm and the stigma depends on the quality of saffron higher or shorter.- The arrangement of the strings in saffron is stacked on top of each other, either in one-way or two-way mode. Saffron Category In the ranking of the National Organization for Standardization and Standard 1-259, saffron is called 4th grade saffron.The coloring power of saffron is between 120 and 150 units.The difference between one-way and two-way layout: In a one-sided arrangement, the stigmas and creams are stacked on top of each other. Two-sided arrangement, stigmas on both sides and cream in the middle. In the two-sided arrangement, because the yellow part is in the middle, the stigma is more visible. Dokhtar peech (saffron bunch): The saffron string classification is usually done by women. It is also called a girl’s bouquet.
2- Saffron Straw In Pushal saffron, the red stigma part of the saffron string is 1 to 3 mm from the yellow cream part. This type of saffron gives more of the yellow color because of the higher stigma numbers. The coloring power of saffron is 170 to 25. – Due to the connection of the stigma to the cream and reducing the possibility of counterfeiting, this type, has gained more trust from buyers. Saffron, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3, belongs to the saffron straw family. 3- Sargol SaffronIn this type of saffron, there is no creamy part (root) and the completely red stigmas are separate, forming pure saffron.The titles Sarqalam, Sarrisheh and Mumtaz are used for this type of saffron in addition to Sargol.The resemblance between a Sargol and a PushalSometimes, Pushal Saffron is also called SargolIn this case, it is divided into two types: Negin and Sargol Mumtaz.Sargol Negin is in fact the same as the above definition of Sargol SaffronMumtaz’s head is actually part of the yellow cream.Result : – The coloring power of Sargol Saffron is more than the others and it is about 210 to 260 units. – Consumption of this type is more common than the others.. 4- Negin Saffron or Negin Straw – Negin Pushal Saffron is a special type of straw saffron. – In Negin Pushal, the strings of the three branches of the red and thick stigmas are separated from the existing strings without the cream part (yellow part) and a large saffron is prepared. – The most luxurious and expensive type of saffron is Negin Saffron. – Has the highest coloring power (between 230 and 270 units). – In recent years, the trend has been decreased. Because the production of Negin straw saffron, is a very time-consuming and costly process and requires special processing. In some cases, this type of saffron is also called Super Negin. 5- Kanj or White SaffronBy separating the saffron from the bunch, the root part of the saffron remains, which in Iran is called white saffron or Kanj.- Some wrongly argue that Kanj has a better fragrance than Sargol. That’s completely untrue.The valuable ingredients of saffron lie only in its red stigma.- Due to the presence of more moisture in the cream, more fragrance emits from that part

Kanj Saffron is not included in the category of saffron types, but due to its beautiful color and appearance and the fact that it is not possible to fake-make, it is given some consideration.

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